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Which of the following statements are correct ?

(a) Within his own kingdom (Swarajya) Shivaji attempted to build regular administration on the model of Deccan Sultanates. The taxation within it was very light.

(b) Shivaji’s death saw a momentary eclipse of the polity he had founded, as his son Shambhaji was captured and executed by Aurangzeb.

(c) Maratha sardars enlarged their resources by a rigorous collection of Chauth, failing which they subjected the recalcitrant territory to plunder.

(d) Tarabai, the widow of Shivaji’s son, accepted the Mughal suzerainty. 

Select the correct answer from the code given below :


1. (b), (c) and (d) only
2. (a), (b) and (c) only
3. (a), (b), (c) and (d)
4. (b) and (c) only

1 Answer

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Best answer
Correct Answer - Option 4 : (b) and (c) only
  • Chhatrapati Shivaji, the creator of the Maratha Empire, was born on February 19, 1630, at Shivneri Fort in Pune.
  • Shivaji had two sons: Sambhaji and Rajaram. Sambhaji, the elder son, was very popular among the courtiers. Sambhaji, a competent politician and a great warrior,  was also a poet.

  • In 1681, Sambhaji had himself crowned and resumed his father's expansionist policies.
  • During the eight years that followed, Sambhaji led the Marathas, never losing a battle or a fort to Aurangzeb. Aurangzeb had almost lost the war.
  • However, in 1689, Sambhaji was killed by Aurangzeb with the help of Sambhaji's own relatives, who betrayed him. Aurangzeb had succeeded winning them over to his side.
  • Rajaram, Sambhaji's brother, now assumed the throne. Satara, which Rajaram had made his capital, came under siege in 1700 and was eventually surrendered to the Mughals.
  • Shivaji was an able administrator and a great military commander. 
  1.   He collected land revenue after surveying land. He appointed his own revenue officials.
  2.  Chauth and sardeshmukhi were taxes collected in the neighbouring territories of Mughals or sultans. Chauth was one-fourth of the land revenue to be paid to avoid raids by Marathas. Sardeshmukhi was an additional levy of 10% on lands Marathas claimed as hereditary rights.

So both options (b) and (c) are correct.

  • Shivaji was the pivot point in the administration and was assisted by ministers directly responsible to him.
  •  Most of the administrative reforms of Shivaji were influenced by the Delhi sultanates.
  • Rajaram, who had taken refuge in Jinji nine years earlier, died at about the same time in 1700.
  • His widow, Tarabai, assumed control in the name of her son Shivaji. Although she offered a truce, this was rejected by the emperor.
  • Here, Tarabai ruled indirectly and his infant son Shivaji was the real Emperor.

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