(i) First law of electrolysis:– During electrolysis the deposited mass on the electrode is directly proportional to the quantity of electricity passing through it.
Let W gm of mass is deposited at the electrode after passing camp of current in t second.
Hence, from 1st law of electrolysis.
W ∝Q (where Q is the quantity of electricity)
W ∝ ct or, W = zct As we know that Q = ct
Where z is profitionality constant which is called electrochemical equivalent. If c = 1 amp, t = 1 sec, then W = 2
If 1 amp of current is passed through a solution in one second then the deposited mass of the substance on the electrode is equal to its electrochemical equivalents.
(ii) Second law of electrolysis :– If the same quantity of electricity is passed through the different electrolytic cells connected in a seris then the deposited masses on the electrodes are directly proportional to their chemical equivalents.
Let W1 and W2 be the masses of deposited substances on the electrodes and their chemical equivalents are E1 and E2 respectively then according to Faraday’s second law
Hence on passing same current through various electrolytes connected in series then, electrochemical equivalent is proportional to their equivalence weights.
