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Which among the following is NOT correctly matched?
1. Endogenic processes are the ones which occur above the earth surface
2. Lichens and mosses are agents of physical as well as chemical weathering
3. Chemical weathering – includes carbonation, hydration, hydrolysis, oxidation and solution
4. Mechanical weathering – includes exfoliation, frost wedging, salt wedging and temperature changes

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Correct Answer - Option 1 : Endogenic processes are the ones which occur above the earth surface

Option 1 is NOT correctly matched.

  • The external forces are known as exogenic forces and the internal forces are known as endogenic forces. Hence, Option 1 is NOT correct.
  • Mechanical (physical) weathering is the physical disintegration and reduction in the size of the rocks without changing their chemical composition.
    • It includes exfoliation, frost wedging, salt wedging, temperature changes and abrasion. Hence, Option 4 is correct.
  • Chemical weathering decomposes, dissolves, alters, or weakens the rock through chemical processes to form residual materials.
    • It includes carbonation, hydration, hydrolysis, oxidation and solution. Hence, Option 3 is correct.
  • Physical Weathering can be caused by thermal changes, frost wedging, pressure Release, hydraulic action and haloclasty.
  • Biological Weathering refers to the contribution made by organisms such as lichens and mosses, which grow on essentially bare rock surfaces and create a more humid chemical micro-environment.
    • Biological weathering is both physical as well as the chemical breakdown of the surface micro-layer of the rock. Hence, Option 2 is correct.
  • The animals such as earthworms and other annelids, moles, rabbits all contribute to the biological weathering.

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