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What are the signs of load angle in an alternator during generator and motor operations, respectively?
1. Negative, negative
2. Positive, negative
3. Negative, positive
4. Positive, positive

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Correct Answer - Option 2 : Positive, negative
  • The load angle is the angle between the no-load excitation voltage Ef and terminal voltage Vt.
  • Load angle (δ) or torque angle is negative when rotor fields lead the resultant field and it is positive when the rotor field lags the resultant field.
  • When δ is negative, the electromagnetic torque is in the opposite direction to the rotor rotation and must be balanced by an external mechanical torque for the rotor to run at synchronous speed.
  • With positive δ, electromagnetic torque is in the same direction as the rotor rotation.

  •  For the generator operation of an alternator, the load angle δ will be positive always.
  • For the motor operation of a synchronous machine, the load angle δ should be negative.

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