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Universal law of gravitation applies to _________.
1. Sun and Planets
2. Earth and Sun
3. Earth and Moon
4. Any pair of objects

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Correct Answer - Option 4 : Any pair of objects

The correct answer is Any pair of objects.

  • The universal law of gravitation applies to any pair of objects.

  • Gravitational Force:
    • Mathematically, it is represented as: 
    • \(F = {GMm\over r^2}\)
    • Where,
      • F is the gravitational force
      • G is gravitational constant
      • M is the mass of the first particle
      • m is the mass of the second particle
      • r is the distance between them
    • This is called Newton’s universal law of gravitation.
    • The value of G is 6.67 × 10-11 N m2/kg2.

  • Gravity:
    • The acceleration due to gravity is the rate of increase of velocity of a body falling freely towards the earth.
    • It is represented by \(g = {GM_e \over R_e^2}\)
  • Where Me is the mass of the earth and Re is the radius of the earth.
  • The value of g at the surface of the earth is 9.8 m/s2.
  • Variation in g:
    • The value of g decreases with height or depth from the earth’s surface.
    • g is maximum at poles. Hence, it will be maximum at the Camp in Antarctica.
    • g is minimum at the equator.
    • decreases due to the rotation of the earth.
    • g decreases if the angular speed of the earth increases and increases if the angular speed of the earth decreases.

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