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The Sun-radiated solar energy on the surface of Earth on a normal sunny day is approximately:
1. 1320 W/m2
2. 100 W/m2
3. 1500 W/m2
4. 1 kW/m2

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Correct Answer - Option 4 : 1 kW/m2

Radiant Energy from Sun:

  • Radiant energy can be measured in joules, or radiant flux, or radiant power, which is expressed as energy over time.
  • The basic unit of power is the Watt (joules/second).
  • The sun emits (3.846 x 1026 W). For comparison, the average incandescent light bulb consumes 40-100 Watts.
  • This energy is projected out from the sun in a sphere, where some will fall on Earth.
  • The energy that reaches Earth is measured as solar irradiance (energy per second over a square meter).
  • We have Power = 3.846 x 1026 W
  • We have considered the area as the surface area of the earth,
  • Hence We have, Sun-radiated solar energy on the surface of Earth = \(\frac{3.84\times 10^{26}}{4\pi \times 1.5 \times 10^{11}}\) ≈  1000 W/m= 1 kW/m2
  • On most sunny days (out of direct light), illuminance is usually 10,000-25,000 lux.
  • On an overcast day, incident light may only reach 1000 lux.

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