Question

Select the incorrect statement with respect to petroleum:

A. It should be used more often as it is highly energy efficient.

B. Crude petroleum is cleaned and separated at a refinery. 

C. It is used for dry cleaning, for making plastic and paints etc.

D. Petrol, diesel kerosene are the only forms of petroleum.

1. C, B and D
2. D only
3. A and D
4. A, C, D

Answer 1

Correct Answer - Option 3 : A and D

Concept:

In the light of the availability of various resources in nature, natural resources can be broadly classified into two kinds:

Inexhaustible Natural Resources:

• These resources are present in unlimited quantity in nature.
• They are not likely to be exhausted by human activities.
• Examples are sunlight, air.

Exhaustible Natural Resources:

• The amount of these resources in nature is limited.
• They can be exhausted by human activities.
• Examples of these resources are forests, wildlife, minerals, coal, petroleum, natural gas etc. 

Explanation:

About petroleum:

• The word petroleum is derived from petra (rock) and oleum (oil).
• It is mined from between the rocks under Earth.
• Petroleum was formed from organisms living in the sea.
• As these organisms died, their bodies settled at the bottom of the sea and got covered with layers of sand and clay.
• Over millions of years, the absence of air, high temperature and high pressure transformed the dead organisms into petroleum and natural gas.
• Petroleum is a dark, thick, oily liquid.
• It has an unpleasant odour.
• It is a mixture of various constituents such as petroleum gas, petrol, diesel, lubricating oil, paraffin wax, etc.
• The process of separating the various constituents/ fractions of petroleum is known as refining.
• It is carried out in a petroleum refinery.
• Petroleum is extracted from crude oil.
• With the help of fractional distillation of crude oil, not just petroleum but also a large number of by-products are extracted.
• Byproducts of petroleum are paraffin wax, petrol, diesel, grease, lubricating oil, etc.​

Constituents of Petroleum	Uses
Petroleum Gas	in Liquid form Fuel for home and industry (LPG)
Petrol	Motor fuel, aviation fuel, solvent for dry cleaning
Kerosene	Fuel for stoves, lamps and for jet aircrafts
Diesel	Fuel for heavy motor vehicles, electric generators
Lubricating oil	Lubrication
Paraffin wax	Ointments, candles, vaseline etc.
Bitumen	Paints, road surfacing

Thus,  

A. It should be used more often as it is highly energy efficient: Incorrect

B. Crude petroleum is cleaned and separated at a refinery: Correct

C. It is used for dry cleaning, for making plastic and paints etc.: Correct

D. Petrol, diesel kerosene are the only forms of petroleum: Incorrect