Correct Answer - Option 2 : Progressive Education
John Dewey has been one of the most influential educational thinkers of modern times. His educational philosophy has been referred to as Pragmatism, Experimentalism, Functionalism, Instrumentalism, Operationalism, Practicalism, and Progressivism.
- Dewey has proposed the concept of 'Progressive Education' which emphasizes that learning takes place through 'hands-on' approach so the students must interact with their environment to adapt and learn.
- Dewey had a specific idea regarding how education should take place within the classroom. He criticized the undue importance given to the curriculum, which leads to the inactivity of the student in the entire process of learning.
Progressive Education:
- In Progressive Education, students thrive in an environment where they are allowed to experience and interact with the curriculum, and all students avail the opportunity
- to take part in their own learning.
- Content is presented in a way that allows the student to relate the information to prior experiences, thus deepening the connection with this new knowledge. Dewey advocated for an
- the educational structure that strikes a balance between delivering knowledge while also taking into account the interests and experiences of the student.
- Progressive Education is a continuous process of adjustment, having as its aim at every stage an added capacity of growth.’ He advocated the importance of education not only as a place to gain content knowledge, but also as a place to learn how to live.
- The experience of the child occupies the central place in this method of learning; ‘all learning must come as a by-product of actions’ child learns through participation in various activities.
Hence, it could be concluded that the above-mentioned phenomenon could be attributed to progressive education.
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Inclusive Education means education for all children in school as It refers to the inclusion of all children in the education system, regardless of their differences and disabilities.
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Integrated education: It emphasizes the placement of children with disabilities in mainstream schools. The school system remains rigid and as a result, very few children with disabilities are able to cope with the demands of such a rigid system.
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Special education: It is instruction designed for students with disabilities or gifts and talents, who also have special learning needs. Some of these students have difficulties in formal institutions so they need special education provisions to function in their classrooms.
