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Who founded the Slave dynasty in India?
1. Rukn-ud-din Firuz
2. Qutub-ud-din Aibak
3. Ghiyas-ud-din Balban
4. Shams-ud-din Iltutmish

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Correct Answer - Option 2 : Qutub-ud-din Aibak

The correct answer is Qutub-ud-din Aibak.

  • Slave Dynasty:
    • Established by Qutb ud-Din Aibak.
    • Dynasty lasted from 1206 to 1290.
    • It was the first of the dynasties to rule as the Delhi Sultanate.
    • Dynasty ended when Jalal ud din Firuz Khilji overthrew the last Mamluk ruler Muiz ud din Qaiqabad in 1290.
    • Dynasty was succeeded by the Khilji (or Khalji) dynasty, the second dynasty of the Delhi Sultanate.

  • Qutb ud-Din Aibak (Reign: 1206 – 1210):
    • The first ruler of the Mamluk Dynasty.
    • Mamluk Dynasty is also called the Slave Dynasty.
    • Born to a Turkish family in Central Asia.
    • Sold as a slave to Muhammad Ghori, the ruler of Ghor in Afghanistan.
    • Aibak became Ghori’s trusted general and commander.
    • He was given charge of Ghori’s Indian possessions after 1192.
    • When Ghori was assassinated, Aibak declared himself Sultan of Delhi in 1206.
    • Started construction of the Quwwat-ul-Islam mosque in Delhi. This is one of the first Islamic monuments in northern India.
    • He began the construction of Qutb Minar in Delhi.
    • He reigned till his death in 1210. He was said to have been trampled to death by a horse.
    • He was succeeded by Aram Shah.
  • Iltutmish (Reign: 1211 – 1236):
    • Aram Shah was a weak ruler. He was conspired against by a group of nobles who invited Shamsuddin Iltutmish to be the ruler.
    • Iltutmish was a son-in-law of Aibak. He ruled the Ghurid regions of northern India.
    • He was a Turkic slave born in Central Asia.
    • Iltutmish was the greatest of the slave rulers of Delhi. He shifted his capital from Lahore to Delhi.
    • He died in 1236 and was succeeded by his daughter Razia Sultana as he did not consider his sons equal to the task.
  • ​Razia Sultana (Reign: 1236 – 1240):
    • Born in 1205 as Iltutmish’s daughter.
    • She was the first and last Muslim woman to rule over Delhi.
    • Before ascending to the throne of Delhi after her father’s death, the reign was briefly handed over to her half-brother Rukn ud-din Firuz. But after Firuz’s assassination within 6 months of his ascendency, the nobles agreed to place Razia on the throne.
    • Also known as Razia al-Din.
    • She was known as an efficient and just ruler.
    • She was married to Malik Ikhtiar-ud-din Altunia, the governor of Bathinda.
    • She was reportedly killed by her brother’s forces.
    • Her brother Muizuddin Bahram Shah succeeded her.

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