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Which Psychologist Constructed the first Intelligence test?
1. William James
2. J.B. Watson
3. William McDougall
4. Alfred Binet

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Correct Answer - Option 4 : Alfred Binet

The first intelligence test was developed by French psychologist Alfred Binet, who was commissioned by the French government to identify students who would face the most difficulty in school. The resulting 1905 Binet-Simon Scale became the basis for modern IQ testing.

 

  • During the early 1900s, the French government asked Binet to help decide which students were most likely to experience difficulty in school.
  • The government had passed laws requiring that all French children attend school, so it was important to find a way to identify children who would need specialized assistance.
  • Binet and his colleague, Theodore Simon, began developing questions that focused on areas not explicitly taught in schools, such as attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. Using these questions, Binet determined which ones served as the best predictors of school success.
  • He quickly realized that some children were able to answer more advanced questions that older children were generally able to answer, and vice versa.
  • Based on this observation, Binet suggested the concept of mental age or a measure of intelligence based on the average abilities of children of a certain age group.


 

  • The first modern intelligence test in IQ history was developed in 1904, by Alfred Binet (1857-1911) and Theodore Simon (1873-1961). The French Ministry of Education asked these researchers to develop a test that would allow for distinguishing mentally retarded children from normally intelligent, but lazy children. 
  • This first intelligence test, referred to today as the Binet-Simon Scale, became the basis for the intelligence tests still in use today. However, Binet himself did not believe that his psychometric instruments could be used to measure a single, permanent, and inborn level of intelligence.

Hence, we can conclude that the first Intelligence test was developed by Alfred Binet.

  • William James was an American philosopher and psychologist, and the first educator to offer a psychology course in the United States. James is considered to be a leading thinker of the late nineteenth century, one of the most influential philosophers of the United States.
  • J.B. Watson has proposed Behavioral Learning Theory. It focuses on external observable behavior. This theory emphasizes that the environment is the prime factor in shaping an individual's behavior.
  • McDougall has proposed Instinct Theory. Instinct drives all behaviors and instincts are purposive and goal-directed. All organisms are born with natural biological tendencies that assist them to survive.

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