Question

Aganglionic disease of the intestinal tract which causes inadequate motility is termed as:
1. Ulcerative colitis
2. Crohn's disease
3. Hirschsprung's disease
4. Diverticular disease

Answer 1

Correct Answer - Option 3 : Hirschsprung's disease

Concept:-

• Hirschsprung's disease (HD) is also known as Aganglionic Megacolon. It is an intestinal disorder characterized by the absence of nerves in the part of the intestine.
• It is mainly a congenital disease that commonly affects the large intestine.

• This disease occurs during embryonic development and can be identified in the first two months of life. Due to the absence of enteric nerves, stool cannot be pushed through the intestine causing complete blockage of the colon.

Clinical Manifestation:

• In a newborn, if the baby does not pass meconium in the first 24 hours indicates HD as one of the potential diagnoses.
• Severe constipation
• vomiting
• abdominal pain or swelling
• poor feeding
• malnutrition
• slow growth

Causes:

• Mutations in one of several genes include RET, EDNRB, and EDN3.

Management: 

• Surgical management: Ostomy surgery

• Ulcerative Colitis: It is an inflammatory bowel disease that causes lesions and inflammation in the inner lining of the large intestine, more specifically ulcerations in the colon and rectal part of the intestine.
• Crohn's Disease: is also an inflammatory bowel disease that causes lesions in the inner lining of the small intestine, specifically the ileum of the small intestine. It is characterized by diarrhea, rectal bleeding, and abdominal pain. 
• Diverticular Disease: Diverticular disease is a condition that involves the formation of small bulges or sacs called diverticula that are formed from the wall of the large intestine (colon).