Question

The main clinical manifestations of pulmonary edema are as follows, EXCEPT
1. Caught with expectoration
2. Hypotension
3. Cyanosis
4. Dyspnea

Answer 1

Correct Answer - Option 2 : Hypotension

Concept:-

• Pulmonary Edema is a condition characterized by fluid accumulation in the lungs caused by extravasation of fluid from pulmonary vasculature into the interstitium and alveoli of the lungs.
• If pulmonary edema occurs, the pressure in the pulmonary artery increases which can lead to pulmonary hypertension.
• Hypotension: Hypotension or low blood pressure is when the blood pressure is below 90/60 mmHg.

Causes include:

Cardiogenic cause

• Myocardial infarction/ cardiomyopathy
• Hypertensive crisis 
• Fluid overload
• Severe Arrhythmias

Non-cardiogenic causes include:

• Lung infections
• Smoking and
• Renal failure

Clinical Manifestation: 

Symptoms:

• Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea i.e. sudden and severe breathlessness at night
• The feeling of 'air hunger or 'drowning'
• "Grunting" sound with breathing 
• Inability to lie down
• Cyanosis
• Rales i.e. abnormal rattling sound
• Wheezing
• Nasal flaring
• Presence of third heart sound
• increased JVP and Hepatomegaly

Signs: 

• On Auscultation Crackles sounds are evident
• Chest X-ray shows fluid lung/ water lung
• ABG analysis: hypoxia