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Famines caused by rat infestation during the flowering of Melocanna baccifera bamboo in parts of North-East India are known as the ‘______’ famines. 
1. Chalisa
2. Upper Doab
3. Mautam
4. Doji Bara

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Correct Answer - Option 3 : Mautam

The correct answer is Mautam.

  • Mautam is a periodic natural phenomenon that occurs every 50 years approximately affecting the northeastern states of Tripura, Mizoram, and Manipur, as well as in many places of Assam.
  • During Mautam, Melocanna Baccifera, one of the species of bamboo, flowers at one time.
  • This event is then followed by a plague of black rats in what is termed as a rat flood.
  • This occurs as the rats multiply in response to the temporary windfall of seeds, and leave the forests to feed on stored grain when the bamboo seeds are exhausted. As a result,
  •  Famines, therefore, play a significant role in shaping the region's geopolitical situation. 

Chalisa Famine-

  • The Chalisa famine occurred in the year 1783–1784 in the Indian subcontinent.
  • It was the result of the unusual El Nino events that began in 1780 and caused droughts throughout the affected region. 
  • Chalisa (literally, 40 in Hindi) refers to the Vikram Samvat calendar year 1840 (1783).
  • The famine affected parts of North India like the Delhi territories, present-day Uttar Pradesh, Eastern Punjab, Rajputana, and Kashmir.

Doji Bara Famine-

  • The Doji bara famine (also known as the Skull famine) of 1791–1792 in the Indian subcontinent was brought on due to the occurrence of a major El Nino event lasting about 6 years (1789-95) and producing prolonged droughts.
  • The El Nino event resulted in the failure of the South Asian monsoon for four consecutive years starting in 1789.
  • The resulting famine caused widespread mortality in Hyderabad, Southern Maratha Kingdom, Deccan, Gujarat, and Marwar regions of India.

Upper Doab Famine- 

  • The Doab famine occurred in the year 1860–1861.
  • The affected areas were the Ganga-Yamuna Doab in the North-Western Provinces, large parts of Rohilkhand and Awadh, the Delhi and Hisar divisions of Punjab, and the eastern regions.
  • Up to 20 Lakh people are thought to have been affected by the famine as per some of the written records of the British officers.

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