Correct Answer - Option 2 : 1, 2, 3 and 4 only
Concept:
Fundamental Forces
- The four fundamental Force has been figured out in nature.
- The fundamental forces are
- Gravitational Force
- Electromagnetic
- Strong Nuclear Force
- Weak Nuclear Force
Explanation:
Gravitational Force
- It is the force between two objects by virtue of their mass.
- The planetary motions are based on gravitational force.
- The Law of Gravitation was given by Sir Issac Newton. The force between two objects of mass m1 and m2 separated by distance r is given as
\(F =\frac{Gm_1m_2}{r^2}\)
G is a universal Gravitational Constant having the value 6.67 × 10 -11 N m2 Kg -2
Electromagnetic Force
- The electromagnetic force acts over large distances and does not need any intervening medium.
- The electrostatic force acts between two charged particles.
- It is given as
\(F =\frac{kq_1q_2}{r^2}\)
Here, q1 and q2 are magnitudes of charges, r is the distance between them. The value of constant k is 9 × 10 9 N m2 C-2
- We can see that k is too large compared to G. It signifies, the electric force is much larger when compared with Gravitational force in given conditions.
Strong Nuclear Force
- The strong nuclear force binds protons and neutrons in a nucleus.
- The strong nuclear force acts when the distance between nucleons is less than 10 -15 m or 1 fermimeter.
- In that case, it is even stronger than electrostatic force.
Weak Nuclear Force
- The weak nuclear force appears only in certain nuclear processes such as the β -decay of a nucleus.
- The weak nuclear force is weaker than the strong nuclear force but stronger than the gravitational force.
So all of these are fundamental forces.
The following table signifies the strength of different forces.
| Force |
Relative Strength |
| Gravitational Force |
10 - 39
|
| Electric Force |
10 - 2
|
| Strong Nuclear Force |
10 -13
|
| Weak Nuclear Force |
1
|
