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Which of the following is the most productive ecosystem?
1. Tropical rain forests
2. Tundra
3. Savanna
4. Desert

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Correct Answer - Option 1 : Tropical rain forests
  • Productivity in an ecosystem refers to the percentage of energy that enters the ecosystem in the form of biomass at a particular trophic level.
  • It is the rate at which biomass is formed in the ecosystem.

Tropical Rain Forests:

  • Tropical rain forests are dense, multi-layered, and harbour many types of plants and animals.
  • Found in areas receiving more than 200 cm of rainfall and having a temperature of 15-30 degrees Celsius.
  • They are generally found in the equatorial and tropical regions from 23½ degrees north to 23½ degrees south.
  • These forests are found in the areas receiving heavy rainfall (more than 200 cm annual rainfall).
  • Therefore, these forests always appear green and are known as evergreen forests.
  • The greatest single area of tropical evergreen forest is the Amazon Basin, in the northern half of South America.
  • This forest has high soil moisture, high availability of nutrients so it has high net productivity.
  • Hence, they are the most stable ecosystem.
  • In terms of Net Primary Productivity (NPP) per unit area, the most productive systems are tropical rain forests.

Thus, tropical rain forests are the most productive ecosystem.

Tundra: 

  • A tundra has extremely inhospitable conditions.
  • It has the lowest measured temperatures of any of the five major biomes with average yearly temperatures ranging from -34 to 12 degrees Celsius.
  • They also have a low amount of precipitation, just 15–25 centimetres (six to ten inches) per year.
  • As well as poor quality soil nutrients and short summers.

Savanna:

  • There are two types of grasslands: tropical grasslands (sometimes called savannas) and temperate grasslands.
  • Savannas are found closer to the equator and can have a few scattered trees with tall grasses.
  • They mostly consist of large grazing animals like elephants, buffalo, giraffe etc.
  • They cover almost half of the continent of Africa, as well as areas of Australia, India, and South America.

Desert:

  • Deserts are dry areas where rainfall is less than 50 centimetres (20 inches) per year.
  • They cover around 20 per cent of Earth’s surface.
  • Deserts can be either cold or hot, although most of them are found in subtropical areas.
  • Because of their extreme conditions, there is not as much biodiversity found in deserts as in other biomes.

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