Correct Answer - Option 2 : a transgenic plant
- A transgenic crop is a crop whose genes have been altered by manipulation.
- This crop is known as genetically modified crops (GM crops).
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GM plants can reduce reliance on chemical pesticides (pest-resistance crops).
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Transgenic means that one or more DNA sequences from another species have been introduced by artificial means.
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Transgenic plants can be made by introducing foreign DNA into a variety of different tissues.
- It is a plant that has a novel combination of genetic material obtained through biotechnology that adds a new quality to the parent crop like herbicide-tolerance.
Bt Cotton-
- Bt cotton is the only permitted GM crop in India.
- In which the soil is obtained by hybridization of two foreign genes with the bacterium "Bacillus thuringiensis" (BT).
- These genes help the cotton crop secrete a toxic protein to protect it from an insect called the common pink bollworm.
- Some strains of Bt produce proteins that kill certain insects such as lepidopterans, coleopterans, and dipterans.
- Bt forms protein crystals during a particular phase of their growth.
- These crystals contain a toxic insecticidal protein.
Thus, Bt cotton is a transgenic plant.
Golden rice-
- Rice is a staple food in many countries.
- By inserting two genes from daffodil and one gene from a bacterial species into the rice.
- Scientists produced rice capable of synthesizing β - carotene.
Tomato-
- Transgenic variety of Tomato - Flvar Savr.
- Due to inhibition of polygalacturonase enzyme which degrades pectin.
- So tomato variety remains fresh.
