Question

A river produces various landforms during its entire course. Which of the following landforms is not produced by a river in its upper course ?
1. Gorge
2. Rapids
3. Water fall
4. Spur

Answer 1

Correct Answer - Option 4 : Spur

The Correct Answer is Spur.

River Landforms:

• Upper Course: V-shaped Valleys, Gorges & Waterfalls, Rapids.
• Middle Course: Interlocking spur, Meanders & Oxbow lakes
• Lower Course: Floodplains & Deltas

Spur:

• As the river erodes the landscape in the upper course, it winds and bends to avoid areas of hard rock.
• This creates interlocking spurs, which look a bit like the interlocking parts of a zip.

Gorge:

• A gorge is almost equal in width at its top as well as its bottom. In contrast, a canyon is wider at its top than at its bottom.
• In fact, a canyon is a variant of the gorge.

Valleys:

• Valleys start as small and narrow rills; the rills will gradually develop into long and wide gullies; the gullies will further deepen, widen, and lengthen to give rise to valleys.
• Depending upon dimensions and shape, many types of valleys like V-shaped valleys, canyons, gorges etc. can be recognized.

Rapids:

• Rapids are hydrological features between a run and a cascade of a river where the river bed has a relatively steep gradient, causing an increase in water velocity and turbulence.