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_______ is the idea that questions about human behaviour can be ascertained only through controlled systematic observations in the real world.
1. Socialism
2. Capitalism
3. Despotism
4. Empiricism

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Correct Answer - Option 4 : Empiricism
Socialism
  • It is a form of society that was created as a counter to the capitalist system.
  • They disregard private ownership of the means of production and favour public ownership of the means of production.
  • There is a system that is based on rule of law and other constitutional obligations and duties. 
  • It means it provides liberty and foundations both in a systematic discipline.
  • In a socialist society, there is no exploitation of one class by another as it is a society based on equality. Private properties create inequality. hence they are eliminated in a socialist society. Social justice is given priority. They believe in a more equal distribution of wealth and income within society.
Capitalism
  • A society based on private ownership of production and financial decisions regarding the pricing of a product, wages of workers, etc.
  • It leads to monopoly and competition with each other as the whole point behind this society is production for sale.
  • If a small group of people holds all the wealth and that wealth continues to be passed down to the same groups of people. A capitalist society is based on the right to pass wealth down to future generations. It is a system of exploitation and inequality.
Despotism
  • Autocracy "Government by a single person having unlimited power". An autocracy is a form of government where the supreme power or rule is an absolute monarchy where a family or a group of families rule a country.
  • Autocracy also includes dictatorship and there are two types of dictatorship- Civilian dictatorship and Military dictatorship.
  • In this system, the monarch’s power is not restricted by any laws or legislation. However, in recent times, there are constitutional monarchies, elected monarchies, or even crowned republics or symbolic monarchies.
  •  It can be exploitative or observational but it controls the behaviour of people in that country or society.
Empiricism
  • Empirical research operates on the assumption that answers to questions about human behaviour can be ascertained through controlled, systematic observations in the real world. 

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