Correct Answer - Option 2 : involving the learner for active participation.
Learning for the construction of knowledge is the basic presumption of constructivism which is a paradigm contrary to the traditional objectivist approach. National Curriculum Framework-2005 emphasized that there is a ‘need to recognize the child as a natural learner, and knowledge as the outcome of the child’s own activity. ’Knowledge is an active meaning-making process, in which learners construct their own meaning. It is not something that is imposed by the teacher on the learner.
Teachers, in order to help learners construct knowledge who will:
- encourage and accept learner’s autonomy and initiative.
- use a wide variety of materials, including raw data, primary sources, and interactive materials, and encourage learners to use them.
- inquire about learner’s understandings of concepts before sharing his/her own understanding of those concepts.
- involve the learner for active participation in constructing ideas and knowledge.
- encourage them to engage in dialogue with the teacher and with one another.
- encourage learner inquiry by asking thoughtful, open-ended questions and encourage learners to ask questions to each other and seek elaboration of learners’ initial responses.
- engage learners in experiences that show contradictions to initial understandings and then encourage discussion.
- provide time for learners to construct relationships and create metaphors.
- assess learner’s understanding through application and performance of open structured tasks.
Hence, we can conclude that teachers, in order to help learners construct knowledge, need to focus on involving the learner for active participation.
