The multiple correlation coefficient R1,23 as compared to any simple correlation coefficients between the distinct variable X1 ,X2, and X3 is
1. always equal to the product of r12, r13 and r23
2. less than any r12, r23, r13
3. not less than any r12, r13 and r23
4. always equal to the sum of r12, r13 and r23