Question

Some of the major political developments in Indian history are given below.

K. Ashoka's rule

H. Beginning of Gupta rule

T. Power Organization of Magadha Rulers

D. Indo-Greek Rule in the North West

M. Invasion of Alexander of Macedon

What is the correct chronological sequence starting from 500 BCE?

1. M → T → D → K → H
2. T → M → K → D → H
3. K → T → M → H → D
4. T → K → M → D → H

Answer 1

Correct Answer - Option 2 : T → M → K → D → H

The correct answer is ​T → M → K → D → H.

1. Power Organization of Magadha Rulers (544 BC to 322 BC)
   • ​​Magadha was an ancient Indian kingdom in Bihar.
   • The First capital of Magadha was Rajgir.
   • The first ruling dynasty of Magadha was the Haryak dynasty.
   • Bimbasar ruled Magadha Empire for almost 52 years.
   • Nanda Dynasty ruled the Magadha Empire during the Alexander invasion of India.
   • The last of the Nanda Dynasty, Dhana Nanda was overthrown by Chandragupta Maurya.

   • Bimbisara was the founder of the Harayak dynasty.

2. Invasion of Alexander of Macedon (326 BC to 325 BC)

   • ​​In the 4th century, the Greek ruler Alexander fought with the Iranians to establish their supremacy over the world.

   • Alexander conquered Iran, Iraq & Asia minor also.
   • After his Kabul conquest, he invaded India through Khyber Pass as he was attracted by India's wealth, 
   • Alexander's invasion became a great success.
   • He added to his empire a part of the North-western frontier of India.
   • However, his success was soon lost to the Magadha rulers.
3. Ashoka's rule (268 BC to 232 BCE)
   • ​​Ashoka, the greatest ruler of the Mauryan Empire was the son of Bindusara and he succeeded to the throne after his father. 
   • He was the first ruler who took messages to the people through his inscriptions.
   • After his accession to the throne, the Kalinga war was the only war that he fought.
   • As he was moved by the massacre of the Kalinga war, he gave up the idea of conquest by war and followed conquest by dhamma. 
   • Indo-Greek Rule in the North West (2nd CE to the beginning of the 1st CE)
     • Indo-Greeks were followed by Central Asian people known as the Shakas.
     • They set up kingdoms in the northwest, north and western India.
     • Some of these kingdoms lasted for about 500 years.
     • Shakas were defeated by the Gupta kings.​​
   • Beginning of Gupta rule (319 CE to 467 CE)
     • ​​The Gupta Empire was an ancient Indian empire existing from the mid-to-late 3rd century CE to 543 CE.
     • This period is considered the Golden Age of India by historians.
     • The ruling dynasty of the empire was founded by king Sri Gupta the most notable rulers of the dynasty were Chandragupta I, Samudragupta, and Chandragupta II alias Vikramaditya.
     • The 5th-century CE Sanskrit poet Kalidasa credits the Guptas with having conquered about twenty-one kingdoms, both in and outside India, including the kingdoms of Parasikas, the Hunas, the Kambojas, tribes located in the west and east Oxus valleys, the Kinnaras, Kiratas, and others