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Raindrops are spherical due to
1. continuous evaporation
2. viscosity of water
3. air friction
4. surface tension of water

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Correct Answer - Option 4 : surface tension of water

The correct answer is surface tension of water.

  • Raindrops start to form in a roughly spherical structure due to the surface tension of water.
    • This surface tension is the "skin" of a body of water that makes the molecules stick together.
    • The cause is the weak hydrogen bonds that occur between water molecules. On smaller raindrops, the surface tension is stronger than in larger drops. The reason is the flow of air around the drop.
  • As the raindrop falls, it loses that rounded shape. The raindrop becomes more like the top half of a hamburger bun. Flattened on the bottom and with a curved dome top, raindrops are anything but the classic tear shape. The reason is due to their speed falling through the atmosphere.
  • Airflow at the bottom of the water drop is greater than the airflow at the top.
  • At the top, small air circulation disturbances create less air pressure.
  • The surface tension at the top allows the raindrop to remain more spherical while the bottom gets more flattened out.

  • Surface tension: The property by virtue of which liquid tries to minimize its free surface area is called surface tension.
    • In a spherical shape, the surface area is minimum and for this reason, the raindrops are spherical.
    • Surface tension is measured as the force acting per unit length of an imaginary line drawn on the liquid surface.
  • \(Surface\;tension = \frac{{Force}}{{length}}\)
  • Due to the surface tension, a liquid drop tends to assume a spherical shape to minimize the surface area. 

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