Correct Answer - Option 4 : Intellectualisation
Approaches to psychology: The main perspectives in psychology, which have contributed to the development of the discipline. These approaches begin from the traditional to modern and focus on defining behaviour and conducting research according to the leanings of the psychologists.
| Approaches of Psychology |
Main Idea |
|
Structuralism (Wilhelm Wundt, Edward B. Titchener) |
Identify the basic elements or ‘structures’ of psychological experience with the help of ‘introspection’
|
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Functionalism (William James) |
The focus is on how the mind allows people to function in the real world |
|
Psychoanalysis (Sigmund Freud) |
Highlights on the role of unconscious thoughts, feelings, memories, and early childhood experiences in determining behavior |
|
Behaviorism (Max Ivan Pavlov, John B. Watson, B. F. Skinner) |
Focus is on observable behavior only |
|
Humanistic (Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow) |
Self-actualization and free will are the most important features
|
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Socio-cultural (Fritz Heider, Leon Festinger, Stanley Schachter) |
Based on how the social situations and the cultures in which people find themselves, influence thinking and behavior |
|
Cognitive or Intellectualisation (Hermann Ebbinghaus, Sir Frederic Bartlett, Jean PiagetHumanistic) |
Concerned with the study of mental processes, like, perception, thinking, memory, and decision-making |
