Question

List - I	List – II
A. Constitutional Amendments	1. Article 360
B. Finance Commission	2. Article 312
C. Financial Emergency	3. Article 280
D. All India Services	4. Article 368

1. A - 2, B - 3, C - 4, D - 1
2. A - 4, B - 3, C - 1, D - 2
3. A - 3, B - 4, C - 1, D - 2
4. A - 1, B - 2, C - 3, D - 4

Answer 1

Correct Answer - Option 2 : A - 4, B - 3, C - 1, D - 2

The correct answer is A - 4, B - 3, C - 1, D - 2

• Constitutional Amendments:
  • ​Article 368 of Part 20 of the Constitution gives Parliament the power to modify the Constitution and its procedures.
  • According to the procedure described in Article 368, Parliament can amend the Constitution by adding new provisions or removing or replacing any of the provisions.
  • However, Parliament cannot amend the provisions related to the basic structure of the Constitution.
  • This principle related to the basic structure was formulated by the Supreme Court in the Kesavananda Bharati suit in the year 1973.
• Finance Commission:
  • Under Article 280 of the Constitution, the President of India must set up a Finance Commission every five years or earlier.
  • The Finance Commission is a constitutional body, which lays down laws and formulas for the distribution of income derived from tax between the Center and the States and between the States following the constitutional system and current requirements.
  • The 15^th Finance Commission was constituted by the President of India in November 2017 under the chairmanship of N.K. Singh.
  • Its recommendations will be valid for a period of five years from the year 2021-22 to 2025-26.
• Financial Emergency:
  • The provisions of emergency are contained in Articles 352 to 360 of Part XVIII of the Constitution.
  • Article 360 ​​- Financial emergency due to threat to India's financial stability or debt.
  • This article empowers the President to declare a financial emergency if he is satisfied that a situation has arisen that threatens any financial stability or debt of India or its territory.
  • The proclamation declaring a financial emergency must be approved by both houses of parliament within two months from the date of its issuance.
  • Article 360 ​​has never been implemented to date.
• All India Services:
  • Article 312 - The Rajya Sabha may recommend the establishment of new All India Services by a special majority.
  • The special majority consists of 2/3^rd of members present and voting.