Correct Answer - Option 4 : Sea Surge
Natural processes or phenomena occurring in the biosphere that may constitute a damaging event are known as natural hazards/disasters.
Geological Hazard:
- The geological events happening in the deep of the earth's crust or on its surface, which pose a threat to human life are known as Geological Hazards.
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Geological or geophysical hazards originate from internal earth processes.
- Examples are earthquakes, volcanic activity and emissions, and related geophysical processes such as mass movements, landslides, rockslides, the surface collapses, and debris or mudflows.
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Earthquakes are caused by the movement of tectonic plates below the surface of the earth.
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A tsunami is caused by earthquakes occurring on the ocean floor.
- Other examples are Landslide, Avalanche, etc.
Sea Surge:
- Surge, in meteorology, is an atmospheric process that operates on oceans and inland waters whereby a change in atmospheric pressure or a high-velocity wind works in conjunction with normal gravitational tides to produce dramatic changes in oceanic circulation, and, oftentimes, flooding in coastal areas.
Hence, Sea Surge is not a type of geological disaster, it is caused by meteorological phenomena.