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Total mechanical energy of a system is conserved if the forces working on the system are ___________.
1. conservative forces
2. non-conservative forces
3. Both 1 and 2
4. Neither 1 nor 2

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Correct Answer - Option 1 : conservative forces

CONCEPT:​

  • Mechanical energy: An energy due to its position and motion i.e. Sum of Potential energy and kinetic energy.
  • Conservation of mechanical energy: The total mechanical energy of a system is conserved if the forces, doing work on it, are conservative.

Total initial mechanical energy = Total final mechanical energy

K.E.i + P.E.i = KEf + PEf

EXPLANATION:​

  • Mechanical energy:
    • It is a sum of kinetic and potential energy.
    • The total mechanical energy of a system is conserved only if the forces, doing work on it, are conservative.
  • If there are non-conservative forces like friction force, some amount of mechanical energy will be lost in the form of heat, sound, etc.
  • So the correct answer is option 1.

  • Conservative forces: A force is conservative if the work done by the force in displacing an object from one point to another point is independent of the path followed by the object and depends only on the endpoints.
    • Electrostatic forces, gravitational forces, elastic forces, magnetic forces, etc and are examples of a conservative force.
  • Non-conservative forces: A force is said to be non-conservative if work done by or against the force in moving a body from one position to another, depends on the path followed between these two positions.
    • Example:  Frictional force, Viscous force, Airdrag, etc.

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