Question

Which constitutional amendment established the Panchayati Raj in India?
1. 22^nd Amendment
2. 75^th Amendment
3. 65^th Amendment
4. 73^rd Amendment

Answer 1

Correct Answer - Option 4 : 73^rd Amendment

The correct answer is 73rd Amendment.

• The Constitution (73rd Amendment) Act, 1992 has added a new part IX consisting of 16 Articles and the Eleventh Schedule to the Constitution.
• The 73rd Amendment envisages the Gram Sabha as the foundation of the Panchayat Raj System to perform functions and powers entrusted to it by the State Legislatures.
• The amendment provides for a three-tier Panchayat Raj System at the village, intermediate, and district levels.
• ​Salient features of this Act:
  • Gram Sabha (Article 243A):
    • ​A body of all persons registered in the electoral roll of that Panchayat.
  • Three-Tier System (Article 243B):
    • Panchayat at the village, intermediate, and district level.
  • Election of members and chairpersons are given under Article 243B.
  • Reservation of seats for SC/ST is provided at all three levels under Article 243D.
  • The duration of Panchayats is given under Article 243C, it is constituted for five years.
  • Grounds of disqualification are given under Article 243F.
  • Powers, authorities, and responsibilities are given in Article 243G and enlisted in the 11th schedule of the constitution.
  • State Election Commission (243K) for superintendence, control, and direction of the election in Panchayats.

• Balwant Rai Mehta Committee was the first to recommend a three-tier structure for Panchayati Raj Institutions in India.
• L.M. Singhvi Committee recommended granting constitutional status to Panchayati Raj Institutions.