Question

Tipu's final defeat came at the hands of
1. Lord Wellesley
2. Lord Cornwallis
3. Lord Dalhousie
4. John Shore

Answer 1

Correct Answer - Option 1 : Lord Wellesley

The correct answer is Lord Wellesley.

• In Fourth Anglo-Mysore War (1799), Tipu finally defeats by Lord Wellesley.
• The period of 1792-99 was used by both the British and Tipu Sultan to recoup their losses.
  • Tipu fulfilled all the terms of the Treaty of Seringapatam and got his sons released.
• In 1796, when the Hindu ruler of the Wodeyar dynasty died, Tipu declared himself as the Sultan and decided to avenge his humiliating defeat in the previous war.
• In 1798, Lord Wellesley, an imperialist to the core, succeeded Sir John Shore as the new Governor-General.

• In 1798, Lord Wellesley introduced the Subsidiary Alliance system in India, under which the ruler of the allying Indian state was compelled to pay a subsidy for the maintenance of the British army in return for getting protection from the British against their enemies.
  • It provided for the posting of a British Resident at the ruler’s court restricting the ruler from employing any European in his service without the approval of the British.
  • The first Indian ruler to sign the Subsidiary Alliance was the Nizam of Hydera­bad.
• The Subsidiary Alliance was a policy of non-interference in the internal affairs of the allied state, but this was a promise seldom kept by the British.

• The Third Anglo-Mysore War (1790-92) ended with the Treaty of Seringapatam in 1792.
  • Tipu should give half of his State to the British including the areas of Malabar, Dindigul, Coorg, and Baramahal.
  • Tipu also had to surrender two of his sons as surety to the British till he paid his due.
  • Tipu accepts Subsidiary Alliance, he paid Rs.3 Crore as war indemnity to the British.