# The ratio of the radius of the two conducting spheres A and B is 1 : 2. When the ratio of the charge given to the spheres A and sphere B is 2 : 1, the

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The ratio of the radius of the two conducting spheres A and B is 1 : 2. When the ratio of the charge given to the spheres A and sphere B is 2 : 1, then the ratio of the surface charge density for the sphere A to the sphere B will be:
1. 8 : 1
2. 4 : 1
3. 1 : 8
4. 1 : 4

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Correct Answer - Option 1 : 8 : 1

CONCEPT:

Linear charge density:

• It is defined as the quantity of charge per unit length.
• Its SI unit is C/m.
• If ΔQ charge is contained in the line element Δl, the linear charge density λ will be,

$⇒ \lambda=\frac{Δ Q}{Δ l}$

Surface charge density:

• It is defined as the quantity of charge per unit area.
• Its SI unit is C/m2.
• If ΔQ charge is contained in the elemental area Δs, the surface charge density σ will be,

$⇒ \sigma=\frac{Δ Q}{Δ s}$

Volume charge density:

• It is defined as the quantity of charge per unit volume.
• Its SI unit is C/m3.
• If ΔQ charge is contained in the elemental volume Δv, the volume charge density ρ will be,

$⇒ \rho=\frac{Δ Q}{Δ v}$

EXPLANATION:

Given $\frac{R_A}{R_B}=\frac{1}{2}$ and $\frac{Δ Q_A}{Δ Q_B}=\frac{2}{1}$

If ΔQ charge is contained in the elemental area Δs, the surface charge density σ will be,

$⇒ \sigma=\frac{Δ Q}{Δ s}$       ----(1)

• The area of the sphere of radius R is given as,

⇒ Δs = 4πR2       ----(2)

• The surface charge density for sphere A is given as,

$⇒ \sigma_A=\frac{Δ Q_A}{Δ s_A}$

$⇒ \sigma_A=\frac{Δ Q_A}{4\pi R_A^2}$       ----(3)

• The surface charge density for sphere B is given as,

$⇒ \sigma_B=\frac{Δ Q_B}{Δ s_B}$

$⇒ \sigma_B=\frac{Δ Q_B}{4\pi R_B^2}$       ----(4)

By equation 3 and equation 4,

$⇒ \frac{\sigma_A}{\sigma_B}=\frac{Δ Q_A}{4\pi R_A^2}\times\frac{4\pi R_B^2}{Δ Q_B}$

$⇒ \frac{\sigma_A}{\sigma_B}=\frac{Δ Q_A}{Δ Q_B}\times\frac{R_B^2}{R_A^2}$

$⇒ \frac{\sigma_A}{\sigma_B}=\frac{2}{1}\times\left ( 2 \right )^2$

$⇒ \frac{\sigma_A}{\sigma_B}=\frac{8}{1}$

• Hence, option 1 is correct.

• The charge density is a measure of how much electric charge is accumulated in a particular field. Specifically, it finds the charge density per unit volume, surface area, and length. Charge density depends on the distribution of charge and it can be positive or negative.