Question

In the human blood grouping, the four basic blood types are type A, type B, type AB, and type O. the blood proteins a and B are: 
1. Simple dominant and recessive traits
2. Co-dominant traits
3. Recessive traits
4. Inherited traits

Answer 1

Correct Answer - Option 2 : Co-dominant traits

The correct answer is Co-dominant traits.

•  ABO blood types in human is a classic example of multiple allelism and co-dominance where more than two allele forms are present for a trait and both A and B allele are dominant over the I allele.
• The ABO blood group system classifies blood types according to the different types of antigens in the red blood cells and antibodies in the plasma.
• They use the ABO system alongside the RhD antigen status to determine which blood type or types will match for a safe red blood cell transfusion.

• There are four ABO groups:
  • Group A: The surface of the red blood cells contains A antigen, and the plasma has an anti-B antibody. Anti-B antibody would attack blood cells that contain B antigens.
  • Group B: The surface of the red blood cells contains B antigen, and the plasma has an anti-A antibody. Anti-A antibody would attack blood cells that contain A antigen.
  • Group AB: The red blood cells have both A and B antigens, but the plasma does not contain anti-A or anti-B antibodies. Individuals with type AB can receive any ABO blood type.
  • Group O: The plasma contains both anti-A and anti-B antibodies, but the surface of the red blood cells does not contain A or B antigens. Since these antigens are not present, a person with any ABO blood type can receive this type of blood.
• O negative blood contains no A, B, or RhD antigens. Almost anyone with any blood type can receive these red blood cells. A person with group O negative blood is a universal donor.
• A person with O-negative blood can donate to almost anyone.
• A person with Rh-negative blood can donate to a person with Rh-negative or Rh-positive blood.
• A person with Rh-positive blood can only donate to someone with Rh-positive blood.
• As a result, there is a high demand for O-negative blood, even though fewer than 10% of the U.S. population has this type.
• The rules for plasma are the opposite of those for Rh. A universal plasma donor will have type AB blood.

• Difference between dominant and recessive traits: Dominant traits are always expressed when the connected allele is dominant, even if only one copy of the dominant trait exists.
• Recessive traits are expressed only if both the connected alleles are recessive. If one of the alleles is dominant, then the associated character is less likely to manifest.