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Identify the years those are closest to the founding of the Communist Party of India and The RSS respectively?
1. 1915, 1914
2. 1925, 1925
3. 1928, 1925
4. 1925, 1929

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Correct Answer - Option 2 : 1925, 1925

The correct answer is 1925, 1925.

  • Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) is also called Rashtriya Seva Sangh.
    • RSS is an organization founded in 1925 by Keshav Baliram Hedgewar (1889–1940).
    • Hedgewar formed the RSS as a disciplined cadre consisting mostly of upper-caste Brahmins who were dedicated to independence and the protection of Hindu political, cultural, and religious interests.
    • The RSS has historically played a major role in the Hindu nationalist movement.
    • On several occasions, it has been banned by the Indian government, led by the Congress Party, for its alleged role in communal violence.
    • Some of the major political leaders of India’s Bharatiya Janata Party were or still are members of the RSS.
  • Communist Party of India (CPI) is a national political party in India whose headquarters are in New Delhi.
    • According to the CPI’s official history, the party was founded in late 1925 in Kanpur (now in Uttar Pradesh state).
    • Manabendra Nath Roy Popularly Known as M. N. Roy (who would become the party’s first leader), Abani Mukherji, and Roy’s wife Evelyn was the founder of a communist party in India.
    • The CPI’s initial objectives combined militant anti-imperialist patriotism with internationalism to create a movement parallel to the non-violent civil disobedience (satyagraha) campaigns led by Mohandas K. Gandhi and the Indian National Congress (Congress Party).
    • At that time, however, the British colonial administration had imposed a general ban on communist activities and took a number of measures against the party, including imprisoning its leaders in 1929.
    • The CPI thus remained organizationally weak and constrained to operate clandestinely until the party was legalized in 1942.
    • In the late 1970s, the CPI started aligning itself with the CPI(M) and other leftist parties to create the Left Front coalition, which formed governments in the states of West Bengal, Tripura, and, intermittently, Kerala.

  • Keshav Baliram Hedgewar was a physician living in the Maharashtra region of India, as part of the movement against British rule and as a response to rioting between Hindus and Muslims.
  • Hedgewar was heavily influenced by the writings of the Hindu nationalist ideologue Vinayak Damodar Savarkar and adopted much of his rhetoric concerning the need for the creation of a “Hindu nation”. 

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