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Methanol and Acetone can be separated by:
1. Fractional Distillation
2. Distillation
3. Steam distillation
4. Vacuum distillation

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Correct Answer - Option 1 : Fractional Distillation

Concept:

Fractional distillation:

  • The method of distillation is used to separate the liquids having sufficient difference in their boiling points.
  • Liquids having different boiling points vaporise at different temperatures, the vapours are cooled and the liquids so formed are collected separately. 

Steam distillation-

  • It is a separation process for temperature-sensitive substances.
  • It is an alternative method of achieving distillation at temperatures lower than the normal boiling point.

Distillation:

  • It is the process of converting a liquid into a vapour, condensing the liquid and the distillate.
  • The process is employed for separating non-volatile components from a liquid.
  • It can be used to separate salt and water from the saltwater solution.

Vacuum Distillation:

  • In this process, a liquid is distilled much below its boiling point.
  • It is much advantageous for the liquids which decompose near their boiling points.

Explanation:

  • Fractional distillation is employed when liquids are having different boiling points.
  • If the boiling points of the two liquids are close to each other, then a fractional column is fitted to the distillation flask.
  • Mixtures of compounds such as benzene and toluene can be separated using fractional distillation.
  • Acetone has a boiling point of 560C and methanol is 67.40C, so they have a considerable difference in boiling points.

Hence, acetone and methanol can be separated by fractional distillation.

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