Question

Which of the following is a chromosomal disorder?
1. Down's Syndrome
2. Haemophilia
3. Sickle cell anaemia
4. Cystic fibrosis
5. All of the above

Answer 1

Correct Answer - Option 1 : Down's Syndrome

The correct answer is Down's Syndrome.

• Down's Syndrome is a chromosomal disorder.
• Down's Syndrome is also known as trisomy 21.
• Down syndrome is a condition in which a child is born with an extra copy of their 21st chromosome.
• Down syndrome is a genetic condition that causes mild to serious physical and mental developmental delays and disabilities.

Haemophilia

• Haemophilia is a hereditary bleeding disorder in which the blood does not clot properly.
• It is caused when blood does not have enough clotting factor.
• Haemophilia is known as Christmas disease and royal disease.
• The major types of this condition are Hemophilia A (also known as classic hemophilia or factor VIII deficiency) and Hemophilia B (also known as Christmas disease or factor IX deficiency). 

Sickle cell anaemia

• Sickle cell anemia is an inherited red blood cell disorder in which there aren't enough healthy red blood cells to carry oxygen throughout your body.
• Normally, RBCs are shaped like discs, which gives them the flexibility to travel through even the smallest blood vessels.
• In sickle cell anemia, the RBCs are shaped like sickles or crescent moons.
• This makes them sticky and rigid and prone to getting trapped in small vessels, which blocks blood from reaching different parts of the body. This can cause pain and tissue damage.

Cystic fibrosis

• Cystic fibrosis is a serious hereditary disease that damages the respiratory system and digestive system.
• The body produces thick and sticky mucus that can clog the lungs and obstruct the pancreas.
• Cystic fibrosis affects the cells that produce sweat, mucus, and digestive enzymes.
• Cystic fibrosis can be life-threatening, and people with the condition tend to have a shorter-than-normal life span.