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For a good conductor, the depth of penetration of electromagnetic wave is given by:
1. \(\delta = {\left[ {\frac{2}{{\omega \sigma \mu }}} \right]^{\frac{1}{2}}}\)
2. \(\delta = {\left[ {\frac{1}{{\omega \sigma \mu }}} \right]^{\frac{1}{2}}}\)
3. \(\delta = {\left[ {\frac{2}{{\omega \sigma^2 \mu }}} \right]^{\frac{1}{2}}}\)
4. \(\delta = {\left[ {\frac{2}{{\omega \sigma }}} \right]^{\frac{1}{2}}}\)

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Correct Answer - Option 1 : \(\delta = {\left[ {\frac{2}{{\omega \sigma \mu }}} \right]^{\frac{1}{2}}}\)

Derivation:

The depth of penetration δ of a plane electromagnetic wave incident normally on a good conductor is mathematically defined as:

\(\delta=\frac{1}{α}\)

α is the attenuation constant given by:

\(α=\omega\sqrt{\frac{\mu\epsilon}{2}\left[\sqrt{1+\left(\frac{σ}{\omega\epsilon}\right)^2}-1\right]}\)

For a conducting medium σ >>1. The above expression for the attenuation constant can, therefore, be approximated as:

\(\alpha=\left[\sqrt{1+\left(\frac{σ}{\omega\epsilon}\right)^2}-1\right]≈\frac{σ}{\omega\epsilon}\)

∴ The attenuation constant becomes:

\(α=\omega \sqrt{\left(\frac{\muσ}{2\omega}\right)}\)

\(α=\sqrt{\left(\frac{\omega\muσ} {2}\right)}\)  or  \(\therefore~\alpha =\sqrt{\pi f\muσ}\)

We know that,

\(\delta=\frac{1}{α}\)

Thus, the skin depth becomes:
\(\delta= [\frac{2}{\omegaσ\mu }]^\frac{1}{2}\)  or  \(\delta=\frac{1}{\sqrt{\pi f \muσ}}\)

  • The skin depth is inversely proportional to the square root of frequency.
  • It is inversely proportional to the square root of the conductivity of the medium.
  • It is inversely proportional to the square root of the permeability of the medium.

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