Correct Answer - Option 3 : Hybrid Waves
Explanation:
Hybrid Electromagnetic Waves:
1. A wave in the electromagnetic spectrum that has both electrical and magnetic field vectors in the direction of propagation i.e. Ez ≠ 0 and Hz ≠ 0.
2. They can be analyzed as a linear superposition of the corresponding TE and TM modes.
Hence option (3) is the correct answer.
Wave: The disturbance that transfers energy from one place to another is called a wave.
Electromagnetic waves: The wave which is generated due to vibration between electric field and magnetic field and it does not need any medium to travel is called an electromagnetic wave. It can travel through a vacuum.
- Examples: Microwaves, Radiowaves, Gamma rays, light rays, X-rays, etc
- Electromagnetic waves are transverse in nature because they propagate by varying their electric and magnetic fields so that both the fields propagate perpendicular to each other.
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Transverse wave: The wave in which the particles in the medium vibrates along the perpendicular axis of propagation of the wave is called a transverse wave.
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Mode: This waveguide mode is dependent upon the transverse electric waves, also sometimes called H waves, characterized by the fact that the electric vector (E) being always perpendicular to the direction of propagation.
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TM mode: Transverse magnetic waves, also called E waves are characterized by the fact that the magnetic vector (H vector) is always perpendicular to the direction of propagation.
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TE mode: The TE stands for transverse electric mode. When the electric field of the signal is perpendicular to the direction of propagation through the waveguide, it is called the TE mode. In this mode, the magnetic field components are in the direction of propagation.
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TEM mode: The Transverse electromagnetic wave cannot be propagated within a waveguide, but is included for completeness. It is the mode that is commonly used within coaxial and open wire feeders. The TEM wave is characterized by the fact that both the electric vector (E vector) and the magnetic vector (H vector) are perpendicular to the direction of propagation.
