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Which of the following States declared all the cities and towns as open defecation free on 2nd October, 2016?
1. Gujarat and Andhra Pradesh
2. Karnataka and Delhi
3. Goa and Maharashtra
4. Kerala and Goa

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Correct Answer - Option 1 : Gujarat and Andhra Pradesh

The correct answer is Gujarat and Andhra Pradesh.

  • Gujarat and Andhra Pradesh became the first states to declare their urban areas as Open Defecation Free (ODF) on the second anniversary of the Swachh Bharat Mission.
  • All 110 cities and towns in Andhra Pradesh were given the ODF tag by Chief Minister N Chandrababu Naidu at an event in Tirupati, while Gujarat gave ODF status to each of its 180 cities and towns at a function in Porbandar attended by Union Minister of Drinking Water and Sanitation Narendra Singh Tomar and Gujarat Chief Minister Vijay Rupani.

  • Union Jal Shakti Ministry’s Department of Drinking Water and Sanitation (DDWS) has launched a 10-year national rural sanitation strategy to sustain India’s 100 per cent Open Defecation Free (ODF).
  • Focus:
    • The framework, to be in place from 2019 to 2029, will ensure that people sustain their usage of toilets.
    • It will also focus on the proper implementation of solid and liquid waste management (SLWM) — plastic waste, organic waste, grey water, and faecal sludge — in rural areas.
  • The strategy:
    • They include the retrofitting of single pit toilets to twin pits or making provisions to empty pits every five years, repair of defunct ones, and construction of soak pits for septic tanks wherever not already present.
    • A district-level training management unit (TMU) will be set up to provide oversight and support to gram panchayats (GPs) so that they ensure the operation and maintenance of sanitation infrastructure.
    • The gram panchayats (GPs) are also supposed to conduct a rapid assessment of water and sanitation gaps.
    • Alternative funding: Government funding is the primary source of financing in the sanitation sector. Alternative self-financing by gradual leveraging of community resources in the form of tariffs for ODF plus activities is also suggested.
    • It will follow the same 60:40 financing model as being followed till now in Swachh Bharat. It will be finalised after the cabinet’s approval.
    • The framework also talks about state-specific strategies on menstrual hygiene management, including menstrual waste management, which may be supported under the ODF plus strategy.

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