Correct Answer - Option 3 : Coloumbic repulsion
CONCEPT:
- Rutherford's model of the atom is also known as the nuclear model of the atom, which was proposed in 1911.
- The major conclusion stated by Rutherford after conducting the alpha particle scattering experiment is
- The positively charged particles and most of the mass is concentrated in a small region of the atom and are called the nucleus.
- The negatively charged electron revolves around the nucleus of the atom
- The negatively charged electrons are attached to the nucleus by the electrostatic attractive force exerted by the positive charges in the nucleus.
- An electrostatic force of attraction between an electron and the nucleus, since they are opposite in charges and the magnitude of the force is given by
\(\Rightarrow F = \frac{1}{4\pi\epsilon_{0}} \frac{e^{2}}{r^{2}}\)
Where e = charge = 1.6 × 10-19 C and r = Distance between the electron and the nuclei
EXPLANATION:
- The nuclear force is the strongest known force, which doesn't affect the electron in the orbit. Hence option 1 is incorrect.
- The gravitational force doesn't affect the electron in an orbit. Hence option 2 is incorrect
- For a dynamically stable orbit, the electrostatic force acting between the nucleus and the electron must provide the necessary centripetal force and is given by
\(\Rightarrow \frac{mV^{2}}{R} = \frac{1}{4\pi \epsilon_{0}} \frac{e^{2}}{r^{2}}\)
- Hence option 3 is the answer.
- The Lorentz force is the force exerted on charged particle q while moving through a combination of the electric and magnetic field, which don't provide centripetal force for electron. Hence option 4 is incorrect