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Which one of the following Acts formally introduced the principles of elections for the first time in India ?


1. The Indian Councils Act, 1909
2. The Government of India Act, 1919
3. The Government of India Act, 1935
4. The Indian Independence Act. 1947

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Correct Answer - Option 1 : The Indian Councils Act, 1909

The correct answer is The Indian Councils Act, 1909.

  • The Indian Councils Act,1909 commonly known as the “Morley- Minto reforms” was passed by the British Parliament in an attempt to widen the scope of the legislative councils, increase the participation of Indians in governance, and formally introduced the principle of elections in India for the very first time.

  • The Indian Councils Act, 1909 
    • The act was formulated by John Morley, secretary of state for India (1905–10).
    • Lord Minto was the then Viceroy of India at that time.
    • It considerably increased the size of the legislative councils, both Central and provincial.
    • It retained an official majority in the Central Legislative Council but allowed the provincial legislative councils to have a non-official majority.
    • It provided for the first time for the association of Indians with the executive councils of the Viceroy and Governors.
    • It introduced a system of communal representation for Muslims by accepting the concept of a separate electorate.
    • Some constituencies were earmarked for Muslims and only Muslims could vote their representatives.

  • Government of India Act of 1919 
    • It was the codified version of the Montagu-Chelmsford reforms – named after Edwin Charles Montague and Lord Chelmsford. 
    • It demarcated and separated the central and provincial subjects.
    • It introduced dyarchy by dividing the provincial subjects into two parts—transferred and reserved.
    • It introduced, for the first time, bicameralism in the central legislature and direct elections in the country. 
  • The Government of India Act 1935
    • It was passed by British Parliament in August 1935.
    • With 321 sections and 10 schedules, this was the longest act passed by British Parliament so far.
    • This act was passed after the Third Round Table Conference.
    • This act ended the system of dyarchy introduced by the GOI Act 1919 and provided for the establishment of a Federation of India to be made up of provinces of British India and some or all of the Princely states.
  • The Indian Independence Act. 1947
    • The act was implemented on 15 August 1947.
    • The act provided two dominion status i.e India and Pakistan. 
    • The authority of the British crown over princely states ceased to exist and they were free to join either of the dominions.

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