Correct Answer - Option 3 : Herbert
The Lesson Plan refers to the outline of the lesson prepared by the teacher to bring forward the lesson in a coherent way. The lesson plan is to create an objective, that is, a statement of purpose for the whole lesson.
- The five stepped system of lesson planning was started by J. Friedrich Herbert, a German psychologist. His five-stage system of lesson planning involves five discrete steps including preparation, presentation, association, generalization, and application.
- This is also known as Herbartian's five steps, these steps are used for the students for receiving new knowledge in educational fields.
- J. Friedrich Herbert strongly believed that when a topic is properly presented to the students they associate that topic with their existing ideas and learn in a coherent way.
- According to Herbert, these steps would make the students able to acquire, assimilate, and apply knowledge efficiently.
Let's understand the five stages advocated by him for lesson planning:
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Preparation: It refers to the process of activating previous knowledge of the learners to receive the new one.
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Presentation: It refers to present the concept using concrete objects for a quality experience
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Association: It refers to the process of comparing new knowledge with the previous knowledge to be familiar with the differences in order to assimilate the new one.
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Generalization: it refers to arrive at general ideas or necessary conclusion by comparing learning materials presented by the teacher.
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Application: It refers to use of acquired knowledge by the learners in real-life for a better understanding and meaningful learning.
Hence, it could be concluded that J. Friedrich Herbert introduced the five steps system in preparation lesson planning.
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Terman is known for revising the Binet-Simon test into the Stanford-Binet Intelligence test.
- The first intelligence test was developed by French psychologist Alfred Binet.
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B.S. Bloom has proposed a taxonomy which is a set of three hierarchical models that refers to the classification of educational learning objectives.