Correct Answer - Option 3 : Global Warming
The correct answer is Global Warming.
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ElNINO is a climate pattern that describes the unusual warming of surface waters in the eastern Pacific Ocean.
- Atmospheric pressure decreases at the ocean surface in the western tropical Pacific (Southern Oscillation).
- It is an abnormal weather pattern caused by the warming of the Pacific Ocean near the equator, off the coast of South America.
- The sun warms the water near the equator, which can make more clouds and, therefore, more rain.
- During this phenomenon, those trade winds weaken or even reverse, which lets the warm water that is usually found in the western Pacific remain or flow east.
- This warm water displaces the cooler water that is normally found near the surface of the eastern Pacific, setting off atmospheric changes that affect weather patterns in many parts of the world.
- A cloudburst is sudden copious rainfall. It is a sudden aggressive rainstorm falling for a short period of time-limited to a small geographical area.
- The rains from a cloudburst are usually of the shower type with a fall rate equal to or greater than 100 mm (4.94 inches) per hour.
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Acid rain is caused by a chemical reaction that begins when compounds like sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides are released into the air.
- Acid rain refers to precipitation with a pH of less than 5.
- These substances can rise very high into the atmosphere, where they mix and react with water, oxygen, and other chemicals to form more acidic pollutants, known as acid rain.
- Human activities are the main cause of acid rain.
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Power plants release the majority of sulfur dioxide and much of the nitrogen oxides when they burn fossil fuels, such as coal, to produce electricity.
- Also, the exhaust from cars, trucks, and buses releases nitrogen oxides and sulfur dioxide into the air. These pollutants cause acid rain.