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Mallikarjuna and the Virupaksha temples at Pattadakal were built by the two queens of King Vikramaditya II, to commemorate the victory of the Chalukyas over the: 
1. Guptas
2. Mauryas 
3. Pallavas 
4. Pandavas

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Correct Answer - Option 3 : Pallavas 

The correct answer is Pallavas.

  • Mallikarjuna and the Virupaksha temples at Pattadakal were built by the two queens of King Vikramaditya II, to commemorate the victory of the Chalukyas over the Pallavas.

  • Mallikarjuna temple is located at Srisailam in Andhra Pradesh.
  • Virupaksha temple is located in Hampi in the Bellary district of Karnataka.
    • It is a part of the monuments in Hampi and a UNESCO World Heritage site.
  • Pallavas were the local tribe who established their authority in the Tondaimandalam or land of creepers.
  • They were orthodox Brahmanical Hindus and their capital was Kanchi.
  • Both Chalukyas and Pallavas tried to establish their supremacy over land between Krishna and Tungabhadra.
  • Pallava King Narasimhavarman occupied Chalukya capital Vatapi in about 642 AD and assumed the title Vatapikonda (Conqueror of Vatapi).

Guptas 

  • Gupta Dynasty ruled the middle of the 3rdcentury (approximately) to 543 AD.
  • The Gupta dynasty period is referred to as the 'Classical Age or Golden Age' of Ancient India.
  • Sri Gupta was the founder Gupta dynasty
  • Sri Gupta was followed by his son Ghatokkacha and was followed by his son Chandragupta.
    • Both assumed the title of Maharaja.
  • Chandragupta I was the first ruler to assume the title Maharajadhiraja.
  • Samudragupta was called the Napolean of India.
  • Chandragupta II adopted the title Vikramaditya.
  • Skandagupta was the last great ruler of the Gupta dynasty.

Mauryas

  • Chandragupta Maurya founded the Maurya Empire in 322 BCE when he conquered the kingdom of Magadha.
  • Chandragupta Maurya was succeeded by his son, Bindusara, in 298 BCE. 
  • Bindusara expanded the Maurya Empire southward, with Chanakya as his advisor. 
  • Bindusara was succeeded by his son, Ashoka the Great, in 272 BCE.
  • Under Ashoka the Great, the Maurya Empire expanded into the southern part of the Indian subcontinent.

Pandavas 

  • Pandavas were the five powerful and skilled sons of Pandu, the King of Hastinapur, and his two wives Kunti and Madri.
  • Hastinapur is equated with the current modern Indian state of Haryana, south of New Delhi.
  • The Pandavas five persons are Yudhistira, Bhima, Arjuna, Nakula, and Sahadeva.
  • The Pandavas are the central characters in the most applauded epic in Hinduism, the Mahabharata.
  • The brothers were famously involved in the Kurukshetra War with their cousins the Kauravas over who would control the throne of Hastinapur, and were, ultimately, victorious.

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