Correct Answer - Option 1 : Ashlar
Explanation:
The construction of stones bonded together with mortar is termed as stone masonry.
Types of stone masonry
Based on the arrangement of the stone in the construction and degree of refinement in the surface finish, the stone masonry can be classified broadly in the following two categories:
1. Ashlar Masonry
2. Rubble Masonry
Ashlar Masonry
- This type of masonry is built from accurately dressed stones with uniform and fine joints of about 3 mm thickness by arranging the stone blocks in various patterns.
- The backing of Ashlar masonry walls may be built of Ashlar masonry or rubble masonry.
- The size of stones blocks should be in proportion to wall thickness.
Rubble Masonry
In this category, the stones used are either undressed or roughly dressed having wider joints. This can be further subdivided as uncoursed, coursed, random, dry, polygonal and flint.
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(i) Uncoursed rubble masonry:
- This is the cheapest, roughest and poorest form of stone masonry.
- The stones used in this type of masonry very much vary in their shape and size and are directly obtained from quarry.
- Uncoursed rubble masonry can be divided into the following.
- a) Uncoursed random rubble
- b) Uncoursed squared rubble
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(ii) Coursed rubble masonry:
- In this type of stone masonry the uniform height stones are used in horizontal layers not less than 13 cm in height.
- Generally, the stone beds are hammered or chisel dressed to a depth of at least 10 cm from the face.
- The stones are arranged in such a manner so that the vertical joints do not coincide with each other.