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Bearing Capacity of soil is defined as
1. Maximum load / Unit depth
2. Maximum load / Unit area
3. Minimum load / Unit depth
4. Minimum load / Unit area

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Correct Answer - Option 2 : Maximum load / Unit area

Explanation:

Bearing Capacity of soil is the maximum load per unit area of foundation.

Definitions of some key terms:

1. Ultimate bearing capacity (qu):- It is the maximum pressure that the soil can support.

2. Net Ultimate bearing capacity (qnu­):- It is the maximum pressure that the soil can support above its current overburden pressure.

\({q_{nu}} = {q_u} - \gamma D\)

3. Ultimate gross bearing capacity (qgross):- It is the sum of ultimate net bearing capacity and the overburden pressure above the footing base.

4. Net safe bearing capacity (qns): is the maximum net pressure intensity to which the soil at the base of the foundation can be subjected without risk of shear failure.

   \({q_{ns}} = \frac{{{q_n}}}{{FOS}}\)

5. Safe bearing capacity (qsafe): - It is the working pressure that would ensure a margin of safety against the collapse of the structure from shear failure. The safe bearing capacity is usually a fraction of the ultimate net bearing capacity.

The relation between

\({q_{safe}} = \frac{{{q_{nu}}}}{{FS}} + \gamma D\)

Where, 

Factor of safety (FS):- It is the ratio of ultimate net bearing capacity to the allowable net bearing capacity. In geotechnical engineering, it lies between 2 and 5

As it is asked in Decreasing Order (i.e.) High to Low 

Ultimate bearing capacity > Net ultimate bearing capacity > Gross Safe bearing capacity > Net safe bearing capacity

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