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Sangam texts suggest several stages of the social evolution of Tamil people. In this context consider the following statements :

1. The narrative texts show that the Tamil people of the times were primarily pastoral.

2. No reference to the trade and economic activities has been made in these texts.

Which of the statements given above is/are not correct?


1. Only 1
2. Only 2
3. Both 1 and 2
4. Neither 1 nor 2

1 Answer

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Correct Answer - Option 3 : Both 1 and 2

The correct answer is Both 1 and 2.

  • Sangam texts of the social evolution of Tamil people state that Tamil people of that time were primarily pastoralHence statement 1 is correct.
  • The Sangam literature includes literatures such as Tolkappiyam, Ettutogai, Pattuppattu, Pathinenkilkanakku, and two epics named – Silappathikaram and Manimegalai .
  • The famous Greek authors such as Megasthenes, Strabo, Pliny, and Ptolemy mentioned commercial trade contacts between the West and South India.
  • However, the trade and economic activities references are not made in the Sangam texts of social evolution. Hence statement 2 is correct.

  • The period roughly between the 3rd century B.C. and 3rd century A.D. is known as Sangam Period.
  • It has been designated after the Sangam academies held during the period that flourished under the royal patronage of the Pandya kings of Madurai.
  • According to the Tamil historians, there were three Sangams (Academy of Tamil poets) held in ancient South India popularly known as Muchchangam.
  • The First Sangam which was held at Madurai was attended by gods and legendary sages. No literary work of this Sangam is available.
  • The Second Sangam held at Kapadapuram, only Tolkappiyam survives from this.
  • The Third Sangam held at Madurai in which little of these Tamil literary works have survived and reconstructed the history of the Sangam period.

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