Correct Answer - Option 3 : Elasticity
Explanation:
Elasticity:
When an external force acts on the body, the body tends to undergo some deformation. If the external force is removed, then the body comes back to its original shape and size, the body is known as elastic body and this property is called elasticity, and this is the property needed for materials used in tools and machine.
Plasticity:
A plastic material does not regain its original shape after removal of load. An elastic material regains its original shape after removal of load.
Ductility:
A property by virtue of which the substance can be drawn into a wire, is called ductile substance.
Malleability:
Malleability is the property by virtue of which a material may be hammered or rolled into thin sheets without rupture. This property generally increases with the increase of temperature.
- Malleability is the ability of a metal to exhibit large deformation or plastic response when being subjected to compressive force.
- Lead, soft steel, wrought iron, copper and aluminium are some materials in order of diminishing malleability.
- A material that can be beaten into thin plates is said to possess the property of malleability.
Ductility:
Ductility is the property of the material that enables it to be drawn out or elongated to an appreciable extent before rupture occurs.
- The percentage elongation or percentage reduction in the area before rupture of a test specimen is the measure of ductility. Normally if the percentage elongation exceeds 15% the material is ductile and if it is less than 5% the material is brittle.
- Lead, copper, aluminium, mild steel are typical ductile materials.
Brittleness:
Brittleness is the opposite of ductility. Brittle materials show little deformation before fracture and failure occur suddenly without any warning i.e. it is the property of breaking without much permanent distortion. Normally if the elongation is less than 5% the material is brittle. E.g. cast iron, glass, ceramics are typical brittle materials.
