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When an individual with multiple cognitive disabilities has extraordinary proficiency in one isolated skill, this is known as
1. Asperger ability
2. Rain Man syndrome
3. Savant syndrome
4. None of the above

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Correct Answer - Option 3 : Savant syndrome

Cognitive Disability is very broad, with a variety of medical conditions affecting the cognitive ability of a person, including various intellectual or cognitive deficits (e.g. intellectual disability), various specific conditions (e.g. specific learning disability), and problems acquired later in life through acquired brain injuries or neurodegenerative diseases like dementia. In loose terms, a person with a cognitive disability has greater difficulty with completing one or more types of mental tasks than the average person.

  • This reduced cognitive capacity may impact adaptive behavior, intellectual functional performance, and/or the learning abilities of the person.
  • Intellectual disability usually appears before the age of 18 and it is assessed by an intelligence test.
  • Learning abilities are considered reduced when a person has difficulty learning in a typical manner, without excluding the ability to learn in a different manner.

Savant syndrome:- Savant syndrome is a rare, but extraordinary, condition in which persons with serious mental disabilities, including autistic disorder, have some ‘island of genius’ which stands in marked, incongruous contrast to overall handicap.

  • It is a condition in which a person otherwise limited in mental ability has exceptional specific skill, such as in computation or drawing.
  • As many as one in 10 persons with autistic disorder have such remarkable disabilities in varying degrees, although savant syndrome occurs in other developmental disabilities.
  • Whatever the savant skill, it is always linked to massive memory. 
  • Examples include performing rapid mental calculations of huge sums, playing lengthy musical compositions from memory after a single hearing, and repairing complex mechanisms without training. About 10 percent of autistic people exhibit savant syndrome and are known as autistic savants. Non-autistic intellectually disabled people may also be savants, though the incidence among them is much lower.
  • When an individual with multiple cognitive disabilities has extraordinary proficiency in one isolated skill, this is known as Savant syndrome.

Causes of savant syndrome:-

  • Damage in the left hemisphere of the brain
  • Alteration in genes
  • Premature birth of a child (less than 35 weeks)

Hence, it can be concluded that when an individual with multiple cognitive disabilities has extraordinary proficiency in one isolated skill, this is known as Savant syndrome.

  • Asperger's ability:- Asperger's syndrome is one of the autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and is a developmental disorder affecting how the brain processes information.

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