Correct Answer - Option 3 : Brittle material
Explanation:
Cast iron contains about 2 to 3.75% carbon and small percentages of silicon, sulphur, phosphorous, and manganese.
Properties of Cast iron:
- Cast iron is a hard and brittle material.
- It has high compressive strength and low tensile strength.
- It is neither malleable nor ductile.
- It has excellent vibration damping capacity and wears resistance.
- Graphite is present in cast iron in free form and it adds self-lubricating properties to cast iron.
- The corrosion resistance of cast iron is improved via the addition of minor elements such as silicon, nickel, chromium, molybdenum, and copper.
Material properties:
Ductility:
- The capacity of a material to undergo deformation under tension without fracture in the material that property of a body is known as Ductility. E.g. Wire Drawing, etc.
Malleability:
- The ability of the material to deform to a greater extent before signs of crack appear when it is subjected to a compressive force.
- The "malleability" word comes from "hammer" and in a narrow sense, means the ability to be hammered out into thin sections. E.g. Rolling, Forging, etc.
Elasticity:
- Loading a material will change its shape and size but after removal of load, the material regains its original shape is known as elasticity of the material.
Plasticity:
- When the load is acted on the body, the body changes its dimensions and after removal of load it does not regain its original shape and deform permanently is known as the Plasticity of material.
Brittleness
-
Brittleness is the opposite of ductility.
- Brittle materials show little deformation before fracture and failure occurs suddenly without any warning i.e. it is the property of breaking without much permanent distortion.
- Normally if the elongation is less than 5% the material is brittle. E.g. cast iron, glass, ceramics are typical brittle materials.
Toughness:
- The ability of the material to withstand stress (resist fracture due to high impact loads) without fracture is known as toughness. It is defined as the ability to absorb energy in the plastic state.
