Question

Knowledge in which subject helps the teacher to identify the individual differences among the learners ?
1.  Educational Sociology
2. Educational Psychology
3. Educational Philosophy
4. Pedagogy

Answer 1

Correct Answer - Option 2 : Educational Psychology

Individual differences are the psychological characteristics that differentiate one person from another. Each person has their own personality, identity, values, and their own unique characteristics i.e., each one possesses a different level of intelligence and aptitudes. 

• It is very important for a teacher to know the individual differences among students for an effective and productive teaching-learning process.
• The knowledge of individual differences will help a teacher to adjust the curriculum, teaching strategies, and methods for the benefit of students.

Educational psychology:

• Educational Psychology emphasizes upon 'Child-centred education' that gives primacy to children's experiences and needs.
• It is the application of the principles of psychology to the solution of problems encountered in the classroom.
• It helps the teacher to understand the abilities, capacities, and limits of the students and the processes by which they learn. 
• It is the application of principles of psychology to understand learners, the learning process, and the teaching methodologies that enhance learning.
• It also equips the teacher with the strategies and techniques to deal with the classroom problems like backwardness, bullying, truancy, cheating in the classroom, etc.

Hence, it could be concluded that the knowledge of educational psychology helps the teacher to identify the individual differences among the learners.

Pedagogy	It includes the theory and practice of teaching, the strategies employed in order to teach, the specific interaction of teacher and students, and the instructive content used.
Educational philosophy	It provides a comprehensive view of the aims, goals, beliefs, values, methods, strategies of an individual or a group with respect to education.
Educational sociology	It is concerned with the relationships of social factors (family, peers, relatives, friends, colleagues, etc.) with an individual and how they can affect the learning and its outcomes.