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A ray of light travels from an optically denser to rarer medium. The critical angle of the two media is ‘C’. What is the maximum possible deviation of the ray?

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The relation between angle of deviation and angle of incidence, angle of emergence and angle of prism is given by 

Angle of deviation = i1 + i2 – A

For maximum deviation, Angle of incidence (i1) = 90°

Angle of emergence (i2) = 90°

We know, μ = 1/ sin C . 1/ sin A/2 [Where C = Critical angle, A = Angle of prism]

∴ A = 2C

∴ Maximum deviation = i1 + i2 – A = 90 + 90 – 2C = 180 – 2C = n – 2C.

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