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  • What are the four functions of the roots?
  • Define venation. What are the different types of venation found in the leaves?
  • Describe the modification of leaf in any one insectivorous plant.
  •  Write the two main functions of leaves.
  •  What is the modification seen in the Bryophyllum. Explain.

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  • The root serves the following functions : 

1. It fixes the plant in the soil. 

2. Absorbs water and minerals from the soil for the entire plant. 

3. It acts as a storage part for food materials for certain plants. 

4. It binds the soil together so that it does not get washed away during rain or blown over by the wind.

  • Venation: Arrangement of pattern of veins in a lamina is called venation. 

It is mainly of two types : 

1. Reticulate venation : Veins and veinlets are irregularly distributed in the lamina forming a network. 

Example: mango, guava.

2. Parallel venation: Veins run parallel to each other 

Example: Banana, grass, wheat

  • Modification of leaves in Venus flytrap (an insectivorous plant) The leaves of Venus flytrap have long pointed hair. It is divided into two parts having midrib in between like a hinge. When an insect visits the leaf, it closes its two parts and traps the insect. The insect is then digested by secreting digestive juices.

  • The two main functions of leaves are – 

1. Photosynthesis – Green leaves contain chlorophyll which, in presence of sunlight, manufacture food using carbon-dioxide and water. 

2. Transpiration – Surface of leaves have minute pores which help in loss of water by evaporation. It has cooling effect making roots absorb more water due to suction.

1. Bryophyllum is a plant whose leaves produce adventitious buds in their margin. 

2. The adventitious buds grow into new plants when they fall off from the parent plant.

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